INTRODUCTION
Electric toilet seats with water spray (bidets) were developed in Japan and the use of bidets is spreading throughout the world. However, it has not been made clear on whether the use of bidets has any effect on the hygiene of hands. Studies on the effectiveness of bidets in the prevention of microbial contamination of hand after defecation have been done only with in vitro experiments.1Therefore, this experiment examined the microbial contamination of the hands of 32 volunteers after defecation with and without the use of bidets.