Mechanism of action |
Cation-exchange resin, exchanges sodium for
H+ in stomach, then exchange for
H+ for other cations in large intestine |
Nonabsorbed
organic polymer, binds potassium in the colon |
Inorganic polymer; negative charge to framework enables cation
exchange |
Dosing
|
Oral: 15 g 1 to 4 times daily
Rectal: 30 to 50 g every 6 hours
|
Oral: Initial: 8.4 g once daily; adjust dose at ≥1-week intervals in
increments of 8.4 g; maximum dose: 25.2 g/day
|
Oral: Initial: 10 g 3 times daily for up to 48 hours; maintenance: 10 g
once daily (range: 5 g every other day to 15 g once daily); maximum
maintenance dose: 15 g/day
|
Onset of action |
Variable |
7 hours |
1 hour |
Efficacy |
Reduces serum potassium concentration by 0.82 and 1.14 mmol/L |
Mean reduction in serum potassium concentration at week 4: −1.01
mmol/L |
Mean initial reduction in serum potassium (48 hr) −0.46 to
−1.1; 98% achieved normokalemia within 48 hr |
Safety |
Risk of acute bowel necrosis, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal
intolerance |
Constipation and hypomagnesemia |
Hypokalemia and
edema |