1 | INTRODUCTION
Treatment of patients associated with FSV and TAPVC has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis1-4. Patients with FSV and TAPVC often have visceral heterotaxy syndrome3,5,6, which may led to a worse clinical outcomes. In addition, Pulmonary atresia2,7, pulmonary artery stenosis3, preoperative PVO1,7, right ventricular dominance3,8, infracardiac or mixed TAPVC7 , low weight and younger age9are considered risk factors that increase the mortality of these patients.
In fact, in 1999, J. William Gaynor and his colleagues10 performed an autopsy on similar patients. Lung tissue was used for histopathological examination. It was found that pulmonary vein wall was very thick, and elastic tissue staining demonstrated elastic tissue in the pulmonary vein wall and arterialization of pulmonary veins. This pathological change of pulmonary veins may lead to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. This may explain why patients with FSV combined with TAPVC have a poor prognosis.
We retrospectively analyzed mid-term results and risk factors of petients with FSV and TAPVC in our center.