4.5 Study limitations
Due to the lack of the control group and are non-randomized data, this paper cannot provide accurate and comprehensive meta-analysis results. Based on the rare case of post-infarction VSD and the difference of every case, it is beyond the possibility of this series of studies to practice under the randomized controlled trials (transcatheter closure v.s. surgical closure). The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on smaller sample sizes of PIVSD patients. Furthermore, there is an evitable selection bias among these cases.