2.1. Data sources
To identify eligible studies, we searched the electronic databases from 1988 until July 2019 through two investigators. The electronic database includes the PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Ovid’s MEDLINE, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, Cochrane databases and EBM review, using various combinations of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and text words including: ”ventricular septal defect(VSD)”, ”ventricular septal rupture”, ”myocardial infarction”, ”closure”, ”septal occlude device”, ”transcatheter”, ”percutaneous”.