Inclusion and exclusion criteria
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age > 18 years old; (2) FIGO stage IB1; (3) squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous cell carcinoma; (4) QM type B or type C hysterectomy + pelvic lymphadenectomy ± para-abdominal aortic lymphadenectomy; (5) available survival outcomes; (6) no preoperative treatments; and (7) standard postoperative adjuvant treatment after operation.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) pregnancy; (2) cervical stump cancer; (3) combined with other malignant tumors; and (4) did not meet the inclusion criteria.