The Microbial community composition and function in each land type
The taxa from the fungal community were fell into six phyla with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominant (Fig. 2). Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum in sandy land and shrub land samples (76.09 and 74.06%, respectively), while Basidiomycota was the most dominant in forest samples (62.92%). Zygomycota in shrub land samples (10.97%) was significantly higher than sandy land and forest land samples (2.17 and 3.27%, respectively). Chytridiomycota in sandy soil (1.51%) was significantly higher than shrub land and pine plantation land soil (0.50 and 0.10%, respectively), although it takes a small proportion in each land type samples. The other two phyla have no significant difference between land types.
The taxa from the bacterial community were fell into thirty-two phyla, and Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria with the dominant. Chloroflexi was the most dominant phylum in this region (Fig. 2B1, Fig. S3), and there was no significant difference between the three land types. Also, the Actinobacteria phylum has no difference among each land type. The phylum that their relative abundance has significant differences between land types including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Deinococcus-Thermus, Fusobacteria, and WS2 phylum. Proteobacteria phylum in sandy land samples (25.79%) was significantly higher than shrub land and forest land samples (13.22% and 15.72%, respectively). While Acidobacteria in sandy land samples (7.45%) was significantly lower than shrub land and forest samples (15.55% and 13.75%, respectively). Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae phylum showed the highest relative abundance in the shrub land samples (5.49% and 1.03%, respectively), intermediate in the forest samples (3.11% and 0.89%, respectively), and lowest in the sandy land samples (1.76% and 0.37%, respectively). Bacteroidetes showed that the highest relative abundance in the sandy land (1.44%), intermediate abundance in the forest (0.40%), and lowest abundance in the shrub land (0.18%). Verrucomicrobia phylum in the forest (0.34%) and shrub land samples (0.18%) were higher than sandy land (0.01%). Deinococcus-Thermus and Fusobacteria phylum was significantly higher in sandy land (0.05% and 0.03%, respectively). On the contrary, WS2 phylum was significantly higher in forest samples (0.01%), although take a small proportion.
The Venn diagram showed that OTUs of fungi and bacteria differed among the three land types (Fig. 2, A2, and B2). The number of specific fungal OTUs was 453 in sandy land, 321 in shrub land, and 188 in forest land, and the number of specific bacteria OTUs was 469 in sandy land, 497 in shrub land, and 414 in the forest. Besides, the OTUs of fungi and bacteria that shared among all three land types were 151 and 1318, respectively.