EPIDEMIOLOGY
Cancer is ranked as the first or second leading cause of death in 91 of
172 countries and it is third or fourth in an additional 22 countries.
Cancer is that the second and fourth leading explanation for adult death
in urban and rural India, respectively.
Borrowing, sales of assets, and contributions from friends and relatives
are the means through which Approximately 40% of cancer costs are met.
These costs exceed 20% of annual per capita household expenditure in
60% of Indian households for the patient suffering from cancer.
Census shows that Indian citizens spent 6.74 billion US dollars in 2012
as a result of cancer deaths. from 1990 to 2016 Cancer mortality in
India has doubled. India’s cancer incidence is estimated to be 1.15
million for new patients in 2018 and is predicted to get almost double
as a result of demographic changes alone by 2040.[5]
The low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are undergoing an
epidemiological transition, wherein the burden of communicable diseases
is declining and non-communicable diseases like cancers are on the
increase.
An estimation of 20 million cancer cases is expected in LMICs by 2025.
There has been a considerable variation in the incidence of cancers
between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs. The incidence varies
from 95/10 000 in the LMICs to over 571/100 000 in the HIC countries in
both men and women.[6]