Mortality and morbidities
Table 3 and Table 4 generated results from univariate
and multivariate analyses to examine effects of the interventions on the
expected outcomes. Among the overall participants, there were 5 maternal
deaths, 116 fetal deaths (miscarriage/stillbirth) and 54 neonatal deaths
reported in the study settings. The incidence of neonatal death, fetal
death, preterm birth, low birthweight and severe complications during
pregnancy was predicted to be 29.7 per 1,000 (95% CI: 20.7 - 38.7 per
1,000), 21.5 per 1,000 (95% CI: 13.7 - 29.3 per 1,000), 22.21% (95%
CI: 20.70% - 23.72%), 12.75% (95% CI: 11.31 - 14.19%) and 2.09%
(95% CI: 1.57% - 2.61%), respectively. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR)
was 27.8 per 1,000 (95% CI: 19.7 - 36.0 per 1,000), 28.2 per 1,000
(95% CI: 10.5 - 45.8 per 1,000), and 34.8 per 1,000 (95% CI: 17.6 -
52.1 per 1,000) in Intervention 1, Intervention 2 and control group,
respectively. Although the GEE model predicted lower incidence of these
outcome indicators in general, no significant difference in the three
groups was identified. The factors independently affecting neonatal
survival included referral of complications during pregnancy and
delivery, multiple birth, congenital malformation and CoC. NMR with and
without CoC was 5.43 per 1,000 (95% CI: 3.63 - 9.57 per 1,000) and 34.8
per 1,000 (95% CI: 24.3 - 45.4 per 1,000), respectively.