Methods
Patients with PICM were continuous enrolled from January 2018 to January
2020 in the first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University. The
clinical data, including echocardiographic examination parameters, ECG
measurements, and NYHA classification, were assessed before and after an
HBP upgrade.
PICM was defined as RVP dependence (RVP>40%) and new onset LVEF
decreases >10% from baseline resulting in an LVEF of ≤40%
without other identifiable causes. Patients with other identifiable
causes of heart failure, including myocardial infarction, severe
valvular heart disease, arrhythmia-related cardiomyopathy, and long-term
uncontrolled hypertension were excluded. Permanent AF refers to AF in
which cardioversion has failed and AF that has been sustained for more
than 1 year.