The biotech companies that cooperation to produce fragrance and flavoring products
Nowadays, in the perfume industry, the many big companies participate with each other and cooperation with biotech companies such as Royal DSM or Ginko Bioworks worldwide in order to produce natural flavoring compounds with high quality and efficiency that are involved in producing the microbial based perfumes and flavors from abundant sugar feed-stocks by fermenting sugars. Among these, companies Allylix and Evolva can be mentioned which cooperation, synthesized valencene (a sesquiterpene that is an aroma component of  valencia oranges), nootkatone  (a natural organic compound, a sesquiterpenoid, and a ketone that is the most important and expensive aromatic of grapefruit), vanillin (is obtained from the extraction of vanilla beans, but today, due to the scarcity and high cost of extraction, synthetic vanillin is more widely used), artificial sweeteners such as stevia and etc. by biotechnology methods. Other companies include Isobionics, Givaudan, Firmenich, International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF), Robertet which have improved their way to the production of natural compounds with high purity and quality towards new biotechnological methods [117].
The table 9 is presented a general comparison of conventional, novel and biotechnology methods.
Table 9. A general comparison of conventional, novel and biotechnology methods