Water-steam distillation
The water-steam distillation system is very similar to the water
distillation design (figure 3). The plant material is packed into the
steel pot sitting on a grill above the boiling water. Due to the heat,
the essential oil with water converted to vapor and condensed. After
that, the oil and water separated from each other into a mechanical
separator or decanter [23]. It is used for dried and fresh plants
that do not destroyed due to boiling. In this method, plant materials
(dry) are first ground and mixed with water, then the flow of steam
passes through the wet material [29]. efficiency of essential oil
extraction of Cananga odorata flowers by water-steam distillation is
reported 43.25 % [30]. Also production of citral oil from lemon
grass (Cymbopogon Cytratus) is done by water-steam distillation with
40% efficiency [31].