Enzyme-assisted extraction
The release of essential oils from plant cells can be done by the green
method of using enzymes. This method is based on the ability of enzymes
to catalyze reactions, under moderate conditions in aqueous solutions
and provides extraction and release of bioactive compounds. Hence
enzyme-assisted extraction method is a technique extraction is
considered environmentally friendly (figure 12). The enzymes used can be
obtained from bacteria, fungi, animal organs and plant extracts. In this
method, important factors such as efficiency, operating conditions such
as time, temperature, pH, the ratio of enzyme to substrate and substrate
particle size should be considered. The advantages of this method are:
low solvent consumption, increased efficiency and quality. One of the
limitations of this method is the high relative cost for the process of
large volumes of raw materials, enzyme preparation and the problem of
converting process scale to industrial scale (due to the complex and
different behavior of enzymes in ambient conditions which varies with
factors such as dissolved oxygen content, temperature and material
availability) [76]. There are 2 routes, to enzyme-assisted
extraction: enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) and Enzyme
assisted cold pressing (EACP) [77]. Glycosidics essential oils
(bitter almond and mustard essential oil) are obtained by
enzyme-assisted extraction [19].