metabolic engineering
Metabolic engineering of metabolic paths is most promising and the newest path for volatile production. Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism to increase the cells’ production of a certain substance [116, 149]. Metabolic engineering, can produce the fragrance and flavors in much larger quantities without need to the rare plant [117]. The use of genetically engineered strains was first reported in 2010 when oil extraction from Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli) was severely deficient. Because it was reported that the rainy weather in Indonesia caused the destruction of medicinal shrubs. Also, other natural problems, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes exacerbate supply problems. As a result, in order to solve these problems and supply shortages, scientists began to engineer the genetics of the strains to produce the fragrances of the Patchouli plant. In addition, fragrances of bitter orange, grapefruit, rose and sandalwood were produced using genetically modified. [150].
Table 7. Some of the volatile compounds produced by biotransformation of plants or microorganisms