Water-steam distillation
The water-steam distillation system is very similar to the water distillation design (figure 3). The plant material is packed into the steel pot sitting on a grill above the boiling water. Due to the heat, the essential oil with water converted to vapor and condensed. After that, the oil and water separated from each other into a mechanical separator or decanter [23]. It is used for dried and fresh plants that do not destroyed due to boiling. In this method, plant materials (dry) are first ground and mixed with water, then the flow of steam passes through the wet material [29]. efficiency of essential oil extraction of Cananga odorata flowers by water-steam distillation is reported 43.25 % [30]. Also production of citral oil from lemon grass (Cymbopogon Cytratus) is done by water-steam distillation with 40% efficiency [31].