Genetic engineering of microorganisms
Microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeasts that are not normally unable to synthesize a particular compound, are genetically engineered to improve the synthesis of volatiles or to produce new compounds. Produce volatiles in commercially worthwhile quantities by genetically modified microorganisms, would be a great success in biotechnology. For example, using metabolic engineering, the scientists succeeded in producing a synthetic banana smell using the bacterium E. coli [117]. By Yarrowia lipolytica microorganism, Acyl-CoA oxidase genes pox1, pox3 disrupted, and ץ-decalactone, 0.35 g/l from methyl ricinoleate was observed [162]. Vanillin can be produced at 5 g/l by E. coli carrying the 3-deoxyarabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase gene [163].