Main effect modeling
With COVID-19 as an outcome variable, the strongest associations
(p<0.0001) were found for congestive heart failure,
hypertension, diabetes, stroke, vascular disease, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease/bronchiectasis, cognitive impairment, anemia,
depression, and spondylosis / intervertebral discs (table 2). The
highest odds ratios were obtained for cognitive impairment (OR 1.69
95%CI 1.52-1.88) and anemia (1.41 95%CI 1.32-1.50), both
non-cardiovascular morbidities.
With (new onset) AF as an outcome variable, main effect modeling
demonstrated that the strongest associations (p<0.0001) were
obtained with reference to COVID-19 status cases (OR 3.12 95%CI
2.61-3.710), followed by congestive heart failure (1.72 95%CI
1.50-1.96), then coronary artery disease (OR 1.43 95%CI 1.27-1.60) and
valvular disease (1.42 95%CI 1.26-1.60). This was followed by chronic
kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / bronchiectasis,
anemia, lipid disorders, gender and age as a continuous variable.
Females had lower risk relative to males for incident AF (OR 0.67 95%CI
0.61-0.74) [table 2]