Therapy
Anthracyclines, including daunorubicin (DNR), idarubicin (IDA), mitoxantrone (Mito), pirarubicin (THP) or homoharringtonine (HHT), combined with cytarabine (Ara-C), FLAG (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony stimulating factor) combined with idarubicin and DAE (DA combined with etoposide) were main induction therapies. Consolidation regimens included standard dose Ara-C (SDAC)-based and median dose Ara-C (MDAC)-based regimens, as previously reported [4, 7]. ICE (idarubicin, cytarabine, etoposide), CAG (aclarubicin, cytarabine, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor), FLAG and CLARA (cladribine and cytarabine) were used as salvage therapies. Allo-transplant was mainly performed in patients carrying c-KIT mutations and in those who had not achieved complete response (CR) after two cycles of induction therapies.