Author
Year
( ) ref
|
No. of cases
|
No. of cases
|
Experimental models
|
Methods
|
Relevant results
|
Association. (Level of evidence)
|
Sobol et al. 2002 (15)
|
N=26
|
N=26
|
Middle ear fluid specimens collected during myringotomy in OME patients
(Children).
|
Fluid specimens were assessed by means of immunocytochemistry for T
lymphocytes (CD3), eosinophils (major basic protein), neutrophils
(elastase), mast-cells (tryptase) and basophils (BB1). IL-4, IL-5, and
IFN-γ were assessed by using in-situ hybridization,
|
Higher percentage of eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5 and T lymphocytes in
patients with atopic OME compared with non-atopic ones. Higher
percentage of neutrophils and INF-gamma in non-atopic patients with
OME.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|
Nguyen et al. 2004
(16)
|
N=55
|
N=55
|
Human torus tubarius and adenoid tissues collected during adenoidectomy
(children).
|
Cellular and cytokine profiles were measured by immunocytochemistry and
in situ hybridization.
|
Predominant Th2 cytokine expression and infiltration of eosinophils in
atopic patientscompared with the non-atopic ones.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|
Wright et al. 2000 (17)
|
N=14
|
N=14
|
Middle ear biopsy from children with persistent OME.
(children).
|
Expression of CD3, majorbasicprotein (immunocytochemistry), IL-5 mRNA
(in situ hybridization) in mucosa of persistent OME patients vs
controls.
|
Predominant expression of CD3, major basic protein, and IL-5 in atopic
persistent OME vs controls.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|
Downs, et al. 2001 (23)
|
N=13
|
N=13
|
Rat model
|
Measure of mucociliary clearance and passive opening and closing
pressures of ET after challenge with either trans-tympanic or intranasal
histamine
|
Increase in mucociliary clearance times and passive opening and closing
pressures with trans-tympanic histamine vs control
solution.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|
Hardy et al. 2001 (24)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Rat model
Brown Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin and later challenged
trans-tympanically.
|
ET ventilatory function and mucociliary clearance were assessed 2, 4, 8,
24, 28- and 32-hours post-challenge.
|
Exposure to transtympanic allergen induces ET dysfunction and subsequent
formation of effusion and a decreased ability to actively clear middle
ear pressure in allergic animals.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|
Pollok 2002
(25)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Brown-Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged
trans-tympanically.
|
Two groups of rats received soluble IL-4 receptors (sIL-4R) and IL-5
antibodies (IL-5Ab) trans-tympanically 1 hour before challenge.
|
sIL-4R-pre-treated rats showed no significant changes in ventilatory or
clearance functions of the ET, whereas IL-5Ab group showed significant
late ventilatory and clearance dysfunction as well as inflammatory
mucosal changes.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|