Characteristics ACEF-MDRDlow (n=249) ACEF-MDRDmed (n=249) ACEF-MDRDhigh (n=250) P value
Demographic Characteristics Demographic Characteristics Demographic Characteristics Demographic Characteristics Demographic Characteristics
Age (years) 57.5 ± 13.3 65.1 ± 11.6*** 68.6 ± 11.7*** <0.001
Gender (%Female) 61 (24.5%) 62 (24.9%) 101 (40.4%) <0.001
Weight (kg) (n=624) 79.1 ± 14.9 76.3 ± 14.6 74.8 ± 14.2* 0.02
Height (cm) (n=620) 167.0 ± 8.22 167.0 ± 8.34 165.0 ± 8.45 0.11
BMI (kg/m2) (n=616) 28.5 ± 4.9 27.3 ± 4.8* 27.4 ± 4.7 0.01
Clinical Characteristics Clinical Characteristics Clinical Characteristics Clinical Characteristics Clinical Characteristics
Vital Signs Systolic BP (mmHg) (n=663) Diastolic BP (mmHg) (n=663) Heart rate (beats/m) (n=657) 120.0 ± 18.3 73.8 ± 10.3 79.0 ± 17.1 121.0 ± 17.9 73.2 ± 11.2 80.2 ± 17.7 119.0 ± 19.8 74.1 ± 12.1 82.1 ± 16.7* 0.49 0.81 0.04
Active smoking (%) 51 (2.05%) 37 (14.9%) 39 (15.6%) 0.19
Diabetes (%) 50 (20.1%) 75 (30.1%) 85 (34.0%) 0.002
Hypertension (active or past) (%) 96 (38.6%) 112 (45.0%) 133 (53.2%) 0.004
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (%) 28 (11.2%) 39 (15.7%) 29 (11.6%) 0.261
Previous Myocardial Infarction (%) 123 (49.4%) 122 (49.0%) 120 (48.0%) 0.95
Previous Revascularization PCI (%) CABG (%) 96 (38.6%) 47 (18.9%) 91 (36.5%) 64 (25.7%) 93 (37.2%) 51 (20.4%) 0.89 0.15
Atrial Fibrillation (%) (n=672) 57 (25.6%) 68 (29.8%) 58 (26.2%) 0.55
Etiology (n=666) Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (%) Dilated Cardiomyopathy/Other (%) 134 (62.0%) 82 (28.0%) 140 (61.9%) 86 (38.1%) 143 (63.8%) 81 (36.2%)
0.89
De Novo Heart Failure (%) 43 (17.3%) 59 (23.7%) 89 (35.6%) <0.001
Presentation Acute Heart Failure (%) Chronic Heart Failure (%) 67 (26.9%) 182 (73.1%) 83 (33.3%) 166 (66.7%) 116 (46.4%) 134 (53.6%)
<0.001
Symptoms at presentation Dyspnea on daily exertion (%) Paroxysmal dyspnea Congestive symptoms (%) Palpitations (%) 55 (22.1%) 23 (9.2%) 39 (15.7%) 13 (5.2%) 69 (27.7%) 29 (11.6%) 54 (21.7%) 15 (6.0%) 117 (48.8%) 31 (12.4%) 105 (42.0%) 24 (9.6%) <0.001 0.50 <0.001 0.12
Examination Findings Jugular Venous Distention (%) Pretibial Edema (%) Crepitations (%) (n=737) 28 (11.2%) 77 (30.9%) 58 (23.9%) 72 (28.9%) 89 (35.7%) 89 (35.9%) 78 (31.2%) 108 (43.2%) 136 (55.3%) <0.001 0.02 <0.001
NYHA Class NYHA 1 or 2 (%) NYHA 3 or 4 (%) 160 (76.9%) 48 (23.1%) 143 (63.3%) 83 (36.7%) 93 (41.5%) 131 (58.5%)
<0.001
Cardiac Implantable Devices VVI Pacemaker (%) DDD Pacemaker (%) ICD (%) Cardiac Resynchronization (%) 15 (5.6%) 9 (3.6%) 35 (14.1%) 5 (2.0%) 10 (4.0%) 8 (3.2%) 52 (20.9%) 15 (6.0%) 16 (6.4%) 11 (4.4%) 49 (19.6%) 18 (7.2%) 0.48 0.77 0.11 0.02