Limitations
There are several significant limitations of our study. First, this is a retrospective study from a single tertiary referral center which likely over represents individuals with severe manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Secondly, our study has a small sample size with a comparative group that does not perfectly match our COVID+ population. However, our COVID+ population had decreased incidence of comorbid conditions and structural heart abnormalities offering less potential for confounding than our standard intensive care population.