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PACE - manuscript for review
Caucasian, and there were high rates of underlying chronic metabolic, pulmonary, renal, and cardiovascular comorbidities that have been associated with poor outcome in other published COVID-19 cohorts.5, 14-16 Compared to those who were COVID-, COVID+ participants were more likely to have a history of diabetes (47% vs. 34%, p=0.04), but less likely to have a systolic heart failure (9% vs 27%, p=0.001), diastolic dysfunction (17% vs 34%, p=0.001), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (5% vs. 14%, p=0.004), chronic kidney disease (14% vs. 23%, p=0.05), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12% vs. 30%, p=0.0001), tobacco abuse (26% vs 50%, p=0.0001), and cirrhosis (1% vs. 9%, p=0.001). COVID+ participants were less likely to be prescribed beta blockers in the outpatient setting (28% vs. 47%, p=0.001). COVID+ participants also had higher D-dimer (3542 ± 4664 ng/mL vs. 1861 ± 2290 ng/mL, p=0.02) and CRP levels (200 ± 113 mg/L vs. 93 ± 86 mg/L, p=0.0001) but lower brain natriuretic peptide (331 ± 566 pg/mL vs. 732 ± 812 pg/mL, p=0.0001) and high sensitivity troponin (549 ± 1599 ng/L vs. 1906 ± 7795 ng/L, p=0.03) levels. Individuals with COVID-19 were more likely to require vasopressor support (71% vs. 38%, p=0.0001) and mechanical ventilation (75% vs. 40%, p=0.0001) than those who were COVID-. COVID+ therapies included azithromycin in 150 participants, hydroxychloroquine in 7 participants, and remdesivir in 78 participants. An atrial tachyarrhythmia was recorded by 12-lead ECG in 32 COVID+ participants (16%) and 19 COVID- participants (19%). atrial