References
1. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al; Cholesterol Treatment
Trialists (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of
cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from
90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet
2005;366:1267-78.
2. Anderson TJ, Gregoire J, Pearson GJ et al. 2016 Canadian
Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for
the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol
2016;32:1263-82.
3. Waters DD, Brotons C, Chiang CW, et al. Lipid Treatment Assessment
Project 2:Amultinational survey to evaluate the proportion of patients
achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Circulation
2009;120:28-34.
4. Saposnik G, Goodman SG, Leiter LA, et al. Applying the evidence: Do
patients with stroke, coronary artery disease, or both achieve similar
treatment goals? Stroke 2009;40:1417-24.
5. Hackam DG, Leiter LA, Yan AT, et al. Missed opportunities for
secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Canada. Can J Cardiol
2007; 23:1124-30.
6. Yan AT, Yan RT, Tan M, et al. Contemporary management of dyslipidemia
in high-risk patients: targets still not met. Am J Med 2006;119:676-83.
7. Banegas JR, Vegazo O, Serrano P, et al. The gap between dyslipidemia
control perceived by physicians and objective control patterns in Spain.
Atherosclerosis 2006;188:420-4.
8. Ko DT, Mamdani M, Alter DA. Lipid-lowering therapy with statins in
high risk elderly patients: the treatment-risk paradox. JAMA
2004;291:1864-970.
9. Petrella RJ, Merikle E, Jones J. Prevalence and treatment of
dyslipidemia in Canadian primary care: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Clin Ther 2007;29: 742-50.
10. Rapezzi C, Biagini E, Bellis P, et al. Exploring the gap between
National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines and clinical practice
in secondary care: results of a cross-sectional study involving over 10
000 patients followed in different specialty settings across Italy. J
Cardiovasc Med 2008; 9:878-87.
11. Langer A, Tan M, Goodman SG, Gregoire J, Lin PJ, Mancini GBH, Stone
JA, Wills C, Spindler C, Leiter LA GOAL Canada: Physician Education and
Support Can Improve Patient Management CJC Open 2020;2:49-54.
12. Leiter LA, Berard L, Bowering K, et al. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Management in Canada: Is It Improving? Can J Diabetes 37 (2013) 82e89
13. Goodman SG, Langer A, Bastien NR, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia
in statin treated patients in Canada: results of the Dyslipidemia
International Study (DYSIS). Can J Cardiol 2010;26:e330e5.
14. Chen G, Farris MS, Cowling T, Colgan SM, Xiang P, Pericleous L,
Rogoza RM, Tai MH, Anderson T. Treatment and Low-Density Lipoprotein
Cholesterol Management in Patients Diagnosed With Clinical
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Alberta. Can J Cardiol. 2019
Jul;35(7):884-891
15. Grima DT, Leiter LA, Goodman SG, Attard CL, Chow CM, Langer A. How
Many Cardio vascular Events Can Be Prevented With Optimal Management of
High-Risk Canadians? Can J Cardiol 2008;24(5):363-68.
17. Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. Ezetimibe added to
statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. The New England journal
of medicine. 2015
18. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC et al. Evolocumab and Clinical
Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med
2017;376:1713-22
19. Schwartz GG, Szarek M, Bhatt DL et al. The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial:
Topline Results. Alirocumab in Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Presented at the American College of Cardiology Annual Scientific
Sessions March 10, 2018
20. Langer A, Tan M, Cieza T et al. Can Clinical Reminder Help Optimize
the Use of Secondary Prevention Therapies in Non-ST Elevation Acute
Coronary Syndrome? Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Med 2017;1:1-5..
21. Katz PM, Mendelsohn AA, Goodman SG, Langer A, Teoh H, Leiter LA, Use
of a Treatment Optimization Algorithm Involving Statin-Ezetimibe
Combination Aids in Achievement of Guideline-Based Low-Density
Lipoprotein Targets in Patients With Dyslipidemia at High Vascular Risk
Guideline-Based Undertaking to Improve Dyslipidemia Management in Canada
(GUIDANC). Can J of Cardiol; 2011(27):138–145.
22. Tsang JLY, Mendelsohn A, Tan MKK, et al. Discordance between
physicians’ estimation of patient cardiovascular risk and use of
evidence-based medical therapy. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1142-1145
23.Rogers AM, Ramanath VS, Grzybowski M, et al The association between
guideline-based treatment instructions at the point of discharge and
lower 1-year mortality in Medicare patients after acute myocardial
infarction: the American College of Cardiology’s Guidelines Applied in
Practice (GAP) initiative in Michigan. Am Heart J. 2007;154:461–469.
24. Arnold SV, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, et al Beyond Medication
Prescription as Performance Measures. J Am Coll Cardiol
2013;62:1791-1801
25. Kucher N, Koo S, Quiroz R, Cooper JM, Paterno MD, Soukonnikov B,
Goldhaber SZ. Electronic alerts to prevent venous thromboembolism among
hospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):969-77. 26.
Stephen
J. Nicholls, MBBS,
PhD1,2; Rishi Puri, MBBS,
PhD2; Todd Anderson, MD3,
Steven
E. Nissen, MD2 et al. Effect of Evolucomab on
Coronary Disease Progression in Statin Treated Patients. JAMA. 2016;
16(22): 2373-2384.
27. ESC/EAS task force: 2019 Guidelines for the management of
dyslipidemias; Eur. Soc. Of Cardiology; Jan 1 2020: 41(1)
28. Cannon C, Blazing M. Ezetimibe add to Statin therapy after Acute
Coronary Syndromes. N Eng J Med 2015; 372:2387-2397
29. Shah BR, Hux JE, Laupacis A, Zinman B, van Walraven C. Clinical
Inertia in Response to Inadequate Glycemic Control: Do Specialists
Differ From Primary Care Physicians? Diabetes Care 2005 Mar;28(3):600-6.
DISCLOSURES:
AL has received on behalf of the Canadian Heart Research Centre research
grant support from Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, BMS, Merck, Novo Nordisk,
Pfizer, Servier and Sanofi .
GBJM has received grants and/or honoraria from Amgen, Sanofi, HLS
Therapeutices, Esperion, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli
Lilly, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Novo Nordisk.
LAL has received research grant support from Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Kowa,
The Medicines Company, and Sanofi. He has also served as a consultant
for Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Esperion, HLS, Merck, The Medicines Company,
and Sanofi
JG has received speaker/consulting honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca,
Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Ferring
Pharmaceuticals, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Merck,
Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier, Sunovion;
SGG has received Research grant support (e.g., steering committee or
data and safety monitoring committee) and/or speaker/consulting
honoraria (e.g., advisory boards) from: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer,
Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring,
Daiichi-Sankyo/American Regent, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Ferring
Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen/Johnson &
Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk A/C, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi,
Servier; and salary support/honoraria from the Heart and Stroke
Foundation of Ontario/University of Toronto (Polo) Chair, Canadian Heart
Research Centre and MD Primer, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Duke Clinical
Research Institute, New York University Clinical Coordinating Centre,
and PERFUSE Research Institute.JAS has received research support from
Sanofi and has served as a consultant and/or speaker for Astrazeneca,
Amgen, Bayer, HLS Therapeutics, Lilly, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, and
Sanofi.
Mary Tan has no disclosures.
PJL has been a consultant or speaker for AstraZeneca, Boeringher
Ingelheim, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Merck, Sanofi, Amgen, Novo Nordisk, GSK and
HLS Therapeutics