Hemodynamics.
In the present study, the low mean aortic valve gradient of 8.2±3.2 at 30-day, 10.2±4.1 mmHg at 1-year is consistent with previous reports of the same valve 9. The study result is similar to the 1-month mean valve gradients of other valves (7.9±4.0 mmHg and 7.7±5.1 mmHg reported with the Jenevalve6 and Direct Flow Medical valve 29), although the results provided little information on the effects of the stent on AR hemodynamics. All patients had mild or less PVL at 1-year in the study, with no patients having moderate or severe PVL. These results compare favorably to a recent study that residual moderate or severe aortic regurgitation rate after the procedure was high as 9.2% in other studies24. Several characteristics include enhanced positioning accuracy, controlled and anatomically correct implantation and improved sealing even in eccentric annular calcifications. The low rates of moderate to severe PVL might be a contributing factor in low all-cause mortality rate at 1-year. However, with the low mortality rate at 1-year compared to patients with AS, patients with AR were younger and faced the risk of bioprosthetic valve deterioration and the need for reintervention.