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\begin{document}

\title{The legacy of Southern American extinct megafauna on plants and
biomes~~biomes~~}



\author[1]{Vinícius Dantas}%
\author[2]{Juli Pausas}%
\affil[1]{Universidade Federal de Uberlandia}%
\affil[2]{Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This is a preprint of an article published in Nature Communications. The
final authenticated version is available online at:
\url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27749-9}

Large mammal herbivores are important drivers of plant evolution and
vegetation patterns, but whether current plant traits and ecosystem
geography reflect the historical distribution of extinct megafauna is
unknown. We address this question for Southern America (Neotropical
biogeographic realm) by relating plant defense trait information at the
ecoregion scale to climate, soil, fire, and the historical distribution
of megafauna. Here we show that megafauna history explains substantial
trait variability and detected three distinct regions (called
``Antiherbiomes'') characterized by convergent plant defense strategies,
environmental and megafauna patterns. We also identified ecoregions that
experienced biome shift, from grassy- to forest- dominated, following
the Pleistocene megafauna extinction. These results suggest that extinct
megafauna left a significant imprint in the current plant trait and
ecosystems biogeography of Southern America.%
\end{abstract}%



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