Main findings
The C-section rate in Indonesia has steadily increased from 4.0% to
18.5% over the past 20 years across all demographics. The highest
C-section rate was reported amongst women in the highest wealth quintile
across the study periods. Homebirth decreased dramatically over time.
The increase of C-sections by private services was significant by year.
In 2017, the C-section rate by private services was slightly higher than
public services. After adjusting for all variables, higher educational
attainment, better household wealth quintile, having only one child, and
the using public childbirth services were positively associated with
C-section.