Radiographic findings
Posteroanterior and lateral chest X-ray was performed for all patients before bronchoscopy. While chest radiographs of 19 (29.2%) patients were normal, infiltration was observed in 31 (47.7%) patients and atelectasis was observed in 24 (36.9%) patients on at least one malacic area. In addition to FB and planar graph, 56 (86.2%) patients were also examined with thoracic CT. Radiographic findings on thoracic CT are shown in Table 4 . Of ten (15.4%) patients who had narrowing of the malacic airway, 5 of them had compression on the airways; which included the compression of cardiac and/or vascular structure (n:3), enlargement lymph node ( n:1) and haemangioma (n:1).