Supporting Information
Figure S1. Early developing fruits collected from a 6-year-old Hongro/M9 apple tree in May 2018. (a) 3cm-sized fruits undergoing abscission. (b) Control.
Figure S2. DEG profile of Hongro/M9 young apple fruit/pedicel mixed tissues undergoing abscission. (a) 439 DEGs filtered by a criteria of |log2 fold change| > 1 and FDR value < .05. 324 were upregulated and 115 were downregulated. (b) Gene ontology category lists with a criteria of p < .05.
Figure S3. The excised subunits collected from a 6-year-old Hongro/M9 apple tree in May 2019. (a) Apple subunit consisting of branch, pedicel, and fruit. (b) Apple subunits exposed to 2 hr of ex-vivo cold shock were severely damaged and more dehydrated after 168 hr of incubation at 25 °C compared to the control.
Figure S4. Transmission electron microscopic images of the AZ cortical cells at proximal tissues in pedicel. Samples were grouped by treatments as follows: Control (water); ABA (125 mg/L of ABA); Cold (initial cold shock at 4 °C for 2 hr); Cold + ABA (125 mg/L ABA followed by initial cold shock at 4 °C for 2 hr). AZ cortical cells were observed with a LIBRA 120 transmission electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 120 kV, magnification with 4 k (left) and 6.3 k (right). Arrows indicate the development of cytoplasmic vesicles.
Figure S5. Correlation matrix for qRT-PCR expressions of target genes shown in Figure 7. Correlation coefficient r was calculated between the relative expression levels of genes from all time points. * indicate significant difference at p < .05.
Table S1. A list of selected DEGs of Hongro/M9 young apple fruit/pedicel mixed tissues undergoing abscission. 92 DEGs were categorized into nine groups: cell wall modification, oxidation-reduction, senescence, DNA binding, phytohormone signal transduction, dehydration, degradation, phosphorylation, and hydrolysis.
Table S2. List of primers for qRT-PCR used in this study.