Figure legends
Figure 1. Genome-wide association study of recurrent wheeze between age 2-5 years. a) Manhattan plot showing SNVs on chromosome 17q12 - 21 associated with recurrent wheeze in the CHILD Study Cohort (p < 5e-8). Y-axis depicts the -log10 transformed p-value and x-axis shows chromosomal positions. Suggestive significance (p=5e-5) and genome-wide significance (p=5e-8) are respectively marked as blue and red horizontal lines, respectively. b) Locus-zoom plot showing the specific region on chromosome 17q12 - 21 associated with recurrent wheeze. Red circles indicate that the SNVs are in strong LD, and numbers within each circle indicate that they are likely to be regulatory. These SNVs span 5 well-known asthma genes: GRB7 ,IKZF3 , ZPBP2 , GSDMB , and ORMLD3 .
Figure 2. Genome-wide association study of asthma at 5 years. a) Manhattan plot showing one SNV on chromosome 1q32.1 associated with asthma in the multi-ethnic CHILD Study Cohort (p < 5e-8). Y-axis depicts the -log10 transformed p-value and x-axis shows chromosomal positions. Suggestive significance (p=5e-5) and genome-wide significance (p=5e-8) are respectively marked as blue and red horizontal lines, respectively. b) Manhattan plot showing one SNV on chromosome 1q32.1 associated with asthma diagnosis in the Central European CHILD Study Cohort (p < 5e-8). Y-axis depicts the -log10 transformed p-value and x-axis shows chromosomal positions. Suggestive significance (p=5e-5) and genome-wide significance (p=5e-8) are respectively marked as blue and red horizontal lines, respectively.
Figure 3. GRS moderating the risk of recurrent wheeze and asthma. Y-axis indicates prevalence of recurrent wheeze (age 2-5 years) or asthma (diagnosed by age 5), and x-axis indicates low/moderate/high GRS. a) The prevalence of recurrent wheeze increases with GRS. b) The prevalence of asthma increases with GRS. c) The prevalence of recurrent wheeze decreases among children who were breastfed until 12 months, particularly among those with low or moderate genetic risk. d) The prevalence of recurrent wheeze increases among children who are exposed increasing amounts of NO2 in the three months of life as well ase) during months 4-6, especially among those with moderate to high genetic risk.