Participant characteristics
A total of 120 cancer child-parent questionnaires and 120 healthy child-parent questionnaires were issued. The number of valid questionnaires recovered in cancer group is 91 (75.8%), and 96 (80%) for parents and 114 (95%) for children in control group. Some participants did not complete the questionnaire due to changes of the children’s condition, limited time, scheduling difficulties, or no interest about the research. Participants who failed to provide complete data were also excluded from the analysis. Table 1 displays the medical and demographic information for the cancer and healthy control groups. There was no significant difference in parents’ (χ2=1.08,P=0.337;t=−0.69, P=0.49) and children’s (χ2=3.274,P=0.07; t=0.169, P=0.866) gender or age between the two groups.