2. Search methodology
A systemic search on Google scholar, Medline, Science Direct and Cochrane database resulted in 58042 studies. The search terms used were “Arterial stiffness”, “Pulse wave velocity”, “cardiovascular risk assessment”, “intima-media thickness”, “lumen diameter”, “deep learning ” and “convolutional neural network”. Figure 1. shows the trend on articles from 2000 to 2021 for arterial stiffness. Further, our team focused on peer-reviewed journals and filtered the list for stiffness measurement using image-based techniques. Major research journals were included while other studies were categorized and 145 studies were finalized for this review.