Bai et al. (2018) [127]
|
N = 4875
UK Biobank
|
FCN
|
Mean absolute distance, Hausdorff distance
|
Human-like performance in evaluating CMR images.
Dice metric=
0.94 (LV cavity),
0.88 (LV myocardium)
0.90 (RV cavity).
|
Wang et al. (2017) [128] |
N = 840 (210) mammograms |
CNN:10
convolution layers and two fully connected layers |
Free response
receiver operating characteristics (FROC) analysis. |
Two-class
classification problem to categorize breast arterial calcification (BAC)
pixels and non-BAC pixels in mammograms, a risk marker of CAD. Calcium
mass quantification analysis |
Jamthikar et al. (2020)
[129]
|
N = 404 (202)
|
ML-based
risk factor classifier
|
AUC = 0.99
(P < 0.001) compared to conventional
|
57.14% improvement over conventional algorithm.
PoM and FoM = 96%. Mean absolute error < 5%.
|
Biswas et al. (2018)
[130]
|
N = 63,
Liver US: 36 with FLD,
27 normal
|
CNN, SVM, ELM. Tissue characterization,
risk stratification
|
ROC, reliability index, timing analysis.
|
DL: Robustness to noise, 100% accuracy at 15% cropping of borders. DL
better than SVM & ELM
|
Kuppili et al. [131]
|
N = 63
|
ELM, SVM
|
AUC, speed test
validation
|
96.75% accuracy in ELM, 89.01% accuracy in SVM
AUC 0.97 and 0.91 in ELM and SVM, respectively. Speed improvement of
40% in ELM
|
Hemalatha et al. [132]
|
N = 276
MEDUSA database
|
Hit-or-miss transform for bone-line segmentation,
Active contour for localization
|
Accuracy,
precision,
specificity,
sensitivity,
ROC
|
\(95.02\%\ \pm 2.78\) accuracy
Increase in true positives from 78.12% to 98.15%.
False positives decreased by 1.41%. CNN applied for
classification
|
Poplin et al. [133]
|
N = 48,101,
N = 12,026 Validation:
UK Biobank
N = 236,234,
N = 999 EyePACS
|
Inception-v3 neural network architecture.
|
MAE in prediction.
AUC for the binary classifier.
Cohen’s kappa for multiclass classification
|
Age prediction:
MAE 3.26 years and 3.48 in UK Biobank and EyePACS.
Ethnicity prediction:
Kappa score of 0.6 and 0.75. Prediction on the onset of MACE: AUC of 0.7
from retinal fundus images alone
|