Study Method Dataset & Size Measures Findings
Menchón-Lara et al. [120]
Multi-layer perceptron binary classifier
N=60 (30 subjects)
Bland-Altman plots, mean absolute distance, poly-line distance and centre-line distance.
Error in: LI =37.03±18.57 μm, MA= 34.52±10.29 μm, IMT=37.63±25.18 μm
Menchón-Lara et al. [2]
ELM-based autoencoder
N=67
Mean absolute difference, correlation coefficient
Error in IMT=5.79±34.42 μm
Biswas et al. [3]
Encoder and decoder based on DL.
N=407 (204)
Precision-of-merit, Figure-of-Merit analysis, inter-operator variability, and ROC analysis. LD measurement accuracy=99.89% Jaccard index and Dice similarity for lumen segmentation on 407 images was 0.94 and 0.97
Tajbakhsh et al. [135].
DL-based frame selection, ROI localisation, IMT assessment
N=48 videos (12)
Bland–Altman plot Localisation error FROC curve Error in LI = 2.68 µm, MA = 3.69 µm, IMT =2 3.4±17.3 µm Localisation error = 0.19 mm (carotid bulb region) and 0.35 mm
Lekadir et al. [136] CNN-based plaque characterization N=90000 image patches (56) Correlation=0.90 with expert readings. 78.5% improvement over SVM method. Real-time processing.