2.2. Sample selection
Twin pregnancies included in the study had a gestation age between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days, had a first infant with vertex presentation, and were delivered via VB or CB at the above-mentioned hospital. Exclusion criteria for this study were gestational age less than 32 weeks 0 days, women under 19 years of age, monoamniotic twins, fetal death in utero, fetal anomalies, contraindications for twin vaginal birth (first twin in non-vertex presentation, both twins’ estimated weight less than 1500 g or more than 4000 g, a weight difference above 20% between first and second twins, placenta previa, prior classical CB, and others), prior low-segment cesarean, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, twin pregnant women with chronic disease and twin pregnancies underwent cesarean section for the first time due to induction of failure and fetal distress during the labor.