RESULTS
Participant Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Symptoms
82 women with OAB symptoms were recruited. However, twelve samples were excluded due to have a low amount of bacterial DNA below the detection limit. Finally, 70 female patients were divided into mild group (M group, N = 17) and moderate/severe group (M/S group, N = 53) respectively. All the urine samples from these participants were verified cultured negative during the standard culture procedure. The demographic characteristics between two cohorts, including BMI, history of pelvic surgery, pregnancy and estrogen treatment were similar (Table 1). The mean age of M group was 37.1 years and of M/S group was 38.4 years (P = 0.675). Most of patients were currently married (M group 88%, M/S group 79%) and only a small number of these participants were premenopausal (M group 29%, M/S group 26%). Although five patients in the M/S group had diabetes, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.439). Consistent with the entrance requirements for the study, the score of OABSS was significantly higher in moderate/severe than mild participants.