Material Methods
In this prospective descriptive study, patients who diagnosed and treated due to COVID-19 in our clinic between April 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020 were included. This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and conducted according to the principles of World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki ‘Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.
A total of 91 male patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled to study. Patients with COVID-19 between 18 and 75 years of were included in the study. Patients who were found to have missing data during data recording, evaluation or analysis were excluded from the study. To evaluate testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis in patients with COVID-19, some questions related with urological complaints such as urinary system symptoms, previous surgical and medical history, or the presence of epididymo-orchitis were assessed in all patients. Patients’ neutrophil and lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein levels, D-dimer values and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios were recorded. Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two groups according to absence or presence of testicular pain as group 1 and group 2. 81 patients in group 1 and 10 patients in group 2 were enrolled to the study. All results of questionnaire form and laboratory tests were compared for both groups.
Data analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 20.0 software . The normality hypothesis was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test during data analysis. All variables were non-normally distributed. Quantitative variables were expressed as median . Qualitative variables were expressed as presence or absence percentage, and Chi-square test was applied. Mann–Whitney’s U-test was used to evaluate all non-normally distributed variables. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses.