Statistical analysis
The yield of palmitoleic acid was calculated by the following equation:
\begin{equation} \text{Yield\ of\ palmitoleic\ }\left(\%\right)=\frac{Weight\ of\ palmitoleic\ acid\ in\ a\ fraction\ (g)}{Weight\ of\ palmitoleic\ acid\ in\ the\ starting\ material\ (g)\ }\times 100\nonumber \\ \end{equation}
All analyses were carried out in duplicates, and the results were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 24.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA), and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, Tukey’s test) was performed to identify differences (p < 5%, significant difference).