Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis was conducted in clearly-defined GDM patients and not clearly defined GDM patients respectively.The findings were not statistically different, with a pooled effect estimate of 1.10 (95%CI:1.04, 1.17) in clearly-defined GDM patients studies and 1.19(95%CI:1.10, 1.28) in undefined GDM patients studies. It indicated the reliability of the studies included in this meta-analysis. A fixed effect model was uesd in clearly-defined GDM patient studies to show the heterogeneity of the studies with (I2 =57.2%, P=0.009) and a random effect model in undefined GDM patients studies (I2=67.4%, P=0.000). (Figure 5)