GDM and children wheezing
Three studies about wheezing, though different in types, were included in subgroup analysis. The endpoints were set as transient early wheezing, persistent wheezing and late-onset wheezing (19), or ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing (20). Due to a variety of types of GDM (presentational type 1 diabetes, presentational type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes), wheezing (early-onset transient wheezing, early-onset persistent wheezing, late-onset wheezing), 9 sets of data were derived from Liu’s study (21). GDM was associated with the risk of wheezing in children, with a pooled effect estimate of 1.12 (95%CI:1.08, 1.16). Due to heterogeneity of the studies with (I2 =54.6%, P=0.015), a fixed effect model was used to show the relationship between GDM and wheezing. (Figure 3(b) )