Acknowledgements

For assistance with collecting and maintaining sawfly colonies, we thank current and past members of the Linnen laboratory. For constructive comments on versions of this manuscript, we thank Emily Bendall and Kathryn Everson. For computing resources, we thank the University of Kentucky Center for Computational Sciences and the Lipscomb High Performance Computing Cluster. Funding for this research was provided by the Kentucky Science and Education Foundation (KSEF-3492-RDE-019; to C.R.L.), the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2016-67014-2475; to C.R.L.), and the National Science Foundation (DEB-CAREER-1750946; to C.R.L.).