Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
All 110 MTB clinical isolates collected (January 2018-March 2020) in the province of Colon, Panama, were selected. A sample of clinical isolates from the province of Chiriquí was obtained from Hospital Obaldía (Panama) as the comparison group. Isolates were cultured on Löwenstein–Jensen medium and DNA extracted using the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method (van Soolingen, Hermans, de Haas, Soll, & van Embden, 1991).