Introduction
Ureteral JJ stenting is an integral part of endoscopic ureteral stone
surgery which provides urine passage against either internal or external
obstructive causes [1]. The incidence of stent-related symptoms
(SRS), including frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, pain, and
sexual problems, varies from 19–76% [2–5]. The International
Prostate Symptom Score, Visual Analog Pain Scale, and Overactive Bladder
Symptom Score were used to evaluate SRS in clinical studies until Joshi
et al. developed the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ), which
included six main domains [6]. The USSQ has been translated into
different languages, including Turkish (USSQ-T), and has been widely
used in clinical trials to investigate patients’ discomfort [7].
The storage and voiding function of the bladder is regulated by the
brain, spinal cord, and otonomous nervous system. The urine storage and
relaxation of the bladder occurs via activation of
noradrenaline-mediated beta-3-adrenoreceptors, and bladder
contraction/urination occurs via activation of acetylcholine-mediated
receptors [8, 9]. M1, M2, and M3 subtypes of muscarinic receptors
have been shown in the human bladder. Activation of the M3 receptors by
acetylcholine causes detrusor contraction, and subsequently micturition
starts. Antimuscarinic agents, alpha-blockers, and combination therapies
have been reported to improve SRS [10, 11]. Mirabegron is the first
selective beta-3-adrenoreceptor agonist that has been reported to be an
effective treatment for overactive bladder syndrome, reducing bladder
contractions, urgency, and frequency of urination [12, 13].
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of mirabegron
use in the treatment of JJ stent-related symptoms after
ureterorenoscopic stone surgery using the USSQ-T.