Outcomes ACEIs/ARBs p-value ACEIs p-value ARBs P-value
Death 0.80 (0.75, 0.86) <0.001 0.91 (0.89, 1.12) 0.984 1.10 (0.94, 1.25) 0.263
Number of studies 47 7 6
I-squared 51.9% 0.001 29.1% 0.206 41.5% 0.129
ICU 1.03 (0.86, 1.19) 0.721 0.96 (0.87, 1.1) 0.406 1.21 (0.93, 1.47) 0.312
Number of studies 10 4 4
I-squared (p-value) 58.7% 0.01 0% 0.882 76.5% 0.005
Death/ICU 0.86 (0.80, 0.92) <0.001 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) 0.167 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) 0.530
Number of studies 22 8 8
I-squared (p-value) 43.9% 0.015 29.5% 0.193 0% 0.614
Risk of COVID-19 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) 0.560 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) 0.058 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) 0.726
Number of studies 19 11 10
I-squared (p-value) 24.7% 0.159 31.7% 0.146 0% 0.757
Severe COVID-19 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) 0.003 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) 0.232 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) 0.281
Number of studies 28 8 8
I-squared (p-value) 68% <0.001 0% 0.951 53.7% 0.580
Severe pneumonia 0.82 (0.22, 3.05) 0.765 NA NA
Number of studies 2
I-squared (p-value) 0% 0.405
Hospitalisation 1.23 (1.04, 1.46) 0.019 1.18 (1.04, 1.35) 0.012 1.17 (0.84, 1.61) 0.354
Number of studies 11 5 5
I-squared (p-value) 76.4% <0.001 6.7% 0.368 86.9% <0.001
Ventilator use 1.18 (0.84, 1.66) 0.347 1.01 (0.03, 34.52) 0.994 0.985 (0.084, 11.57) 0.990
Number of studies 3 1 1
I-squared (p-value) 53.9% 0.114 NA NA
Acute SARS infection 0.71 (0.49, 1.02) 0.064 1.06 (0.84, 1.34) 0.633 1.11 (0.95, 1.29) 0.493
Number of studies 1 2 2
I-squared (p-value) NA 81% 0.022 48.9% 0.162
(Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses (Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses (Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses (Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses (Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses (Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses (Note) NA: not applicable indicating not enough studies to perform meta-analyses