1. Introduction:
Post micturition dribble (PMD) is considered one of the post-micturition symptoms (PMS) along with the sensation of incomplete emptying. It is defined as the involuntary loss of urine immediately after a person has finished urinating, generally just after leaving the toilet in men1. The exact pathophysiological mechanism for PMD is unclear and it can be found in men without any underlying pathognomonic findings 2. The prevalence rates of PMD in men is positively associated with advanced age and were reported in a wide range between 5.5% and 58.1% 3,4. PMD was also shown to be accounted for much of PMS in men 5 and it was postulated that PMD is perhaps one of the most common lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) 5-7.
The universally accepted questionnaires such as the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN ‐ PSS ‐ 1), and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) developed for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up of LUTS8,9. PMS has always been evaluated together with other LUTS in these questionnaires. However, an isolated questionnaire for PMD was lacking and out of researchers’ interest. As the recent epidemiologic studies including TAMUS and EpiLUTS demonstrated higher rates of PMD prevalence 4,10,11, Jeong et al.12 developed and validated a five-item questionnaire, Hallym Post Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ), as a symptom assessment tool for PMD in 2019. This questionnaire’s original language is Korean and has not yet been validated in any other language, but the authors also published the English version in the same study12.
In this study, our primary aim was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of HPMDQ (Turkish HPMDQ). The secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between PMD and other LUTS using this questionnaire and to show whether there is a correlation between HPMDQ scoring and IPSS.