2.4 Study design and inclusion criteria
Study participants were recruited from the Selçuk University urology
outpatient clinic, between June
and September 2020. Participants were included in the study if they were
male, could read and write in Turkish, were mentally capable and were
aged 18 years or over. Patients under 18 years, female patients,
patients unable to read or write in Turkish and those with a history of
LUTS-related surgery (e.g., transurethral resection or internal
urethrotomy) or taking active LUTS treatment or having illness that was
related to LUTS such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones,
urethral strictures and those who did not wish to participate the study
were excluded from the study. Clinical secretaries oversaw the
completion of forms before the face-to-face interviews. Patients
diagnosed with PMD were recommended bulbar urethral massage after
voiding, and they were asked to complete the Turkish HPMDQ again one
month later.