2.3 Translation process
Before beginning translation, one of the authors involved in developing and validating the original HPMDQ (Lee WK) was contacted to request his approval to translate the English version of the questionnaire into Turkish. Having secured this permission, the translation process began, involving extensive linguistic transformation in multiple stages. First, the HPMDQ was sent to a professional translation centre to be translated into Turkish by two independent native Turkish-speaking translators fluent in English. Arrangements were also made for two urologists (MG and MGÇ) to work with the translators to provide medical advice regarding the development of the Turkish text. After that, the translated text was rearranged to make it more comprehensible to cover different socio-cultural and educational levels. In the next step, the last Turkish version of the HPMDQ was translated back into English by two native English-speaking independent, professional translators fluent in Turkish. Back translations then were reviewed and minimal revisions were made. For verification, a pilot test was then trialled with five participants with PMD and the final alterations were performed. At this point, the Turkish HPMDQ was considered ready for use.