1. Introduction:
Post micturition dribble (PMD) is considered one of the post-micturition
symptoms (PMS) along with the sensation of incomplete emptying. It is
defined as the involuntary loss of urine immediately after a person has
finished urinating, generally just after leaving the toilet in men1. The exact pathophysiological mechanism for PMD is
unclear and it can be found in men without any underlying pathognomonic
findings 2. The prevalence rates of PMD in men is
positively associated with advanced age and were reported in a wide
range between 5.5% and 58.1% 3,4. PMD was also shown
to be accounted for much of PMS in men 5 and it was
postulated that PMD is perhaps one of the most common lower urinary
tract symptoms (LUTS) 5-7.
The universally accepted questionnaires such as the Danish Prostatic
Symptom Score (DAN ‐ PSS ‐ 1), and the International Prostate Symptom
Score (IPSS) developed for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up of LUTS8,9. PMS has always been evaluated together with other
LUTS in these questionnaires. However, an isolated questionnaire for PMD
was lacking and out of researchers’ interest. As the recent
epidemiologic studies including TAMUS and EpiLUTS demonstrated higher
rates of PMD prevalence 4,10,11, Jeong et al.12 developed and validated a five-item questionnaire,
Hallym Post Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ), as a symptom
assessment tool for PMD in 2019. This questionnaire’s original language
is Korean and has not yet been validated in any other language, but the
authors also published the English version in the same study12.
In this study, our primary aim was to evaluate the validity and
reliability of the Turkish version of HPMDQ (Turkish HPMDQ). The
secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between PMD and other
LUTS using this questionnaire and to show whether there is a correlation
between HPMDQ scoring and IPSS.