REFERENCES
1. De Paepe A, Malfait F. The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a disorder with many faces. Clin Genet 2012; 82 : 1–11.
2. Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J,et al. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet2017; 175 : 8–26.
3. Demmler JC, Atkinson MD, Reinhold EJ, Choy E, Lyons RA, Brophy ST. Diagnosed prevalence of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder in Wales, UK: a national electronic cohort study and case-control comparison. BMJ Open 2019; 9 : 31365.
4. Malfait F, Wenstrup RJ, De Paepe A. Clinical and genetic aspects of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type. Genet Med 2010;12 : 597–605.
5. Dutta I, Wilson H, Oteri O. Pregnancy and Delivery in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Hypermobility Type): Review of the Literature. Obstet Gynecol Int 2011; 2011 : 1–3.
6. Spiegel E, Nicholls-Dempsey L, Czuzoj-Shulman N, Abenhaim HA. Pregnancy outcomes in women with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. J Matern Neonatal Med 2020: 1–7.
7. Beighton P, De Paepe A, Steinmann B, Tsipouras P, Wenstrup RJ.Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes: Revised Nosology, Villefranche, 1997 ., 1998.
8. Malfait F, de Paepe A. Molecular genetics inclassic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet 2005;139C : 17–23.
9. Lind J, Wallenburg HCS. Pregnancy and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A retrospective study in a Dutch population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81 : 293–300.
10. Pezaro S, Pearce G, Reinhold E. Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome during pregnancy, birth and beyond. Br J Midwifery 2018;26 : 217–23.
11. Malak TM, Ockleford CD, Bell SC, Dalgleish R, Bright N, Macvicar J. Confocal immunofluorescence localization of collagen types I, III, IV, V and VI and their ultrastructural organization in term human fetal membranes. Placenta 1993; 14 : 385–406.
12. House M, Kaplan DL, Socrate S. Relationships Between Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Constituents of the Cervical Stroma During Pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2009; 33 : 300–7.
13. Bowen JM, Sobey GJ, Burrows NP, Colombi M, Lavallee ME, Malfait F,et al. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, classical type. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet 2017; 175 : 27–39.
14. Castori M, Morlino S, Dordoni C, Celletti C, Camerota F, Ritelli M,et al. Gynecologic and obstetric implications of the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type) in 82 Italian patients. Am J Med Genet Part A 2012;158A : 2176–82.
15. Karthikeyan A, Venkat-Raman N. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and pregnancy. Obstet Med 2018; 11 : 104–9.
16. Roop KA, Brost BC. Abnormal presentation in labor and fetal growth of affected infants with type III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181 : 752–3.
17. Ploeckinger B, Ulm MR, Chalubinski K. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type II in pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 1997; 14 : 99–101.
18. Wenstrup RJ, Meyer RA, Lyle JS, Hoechstetter L, Rose PS, Levy HP,et al. Prevalence of aortic root dilation in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Genet Med 2002; 4 : 112–7.
19. Maraj H, Mohajer M, Bhattacharjee D. Successful vaginal birth after caesarean section in patient with Ehler-Danlos syndrome type 2.Obstet Med 2011; 4 : 164–5.
20. Hakim AJ, Grahame R, Norris P, Hopper C. Local anaesthetic failure in joint hypermobility syndrome. J R Soc Med 2005; 98 : 84–5.
21. Arendt-Nielsen L, Kaalund S, Bjerring P, Høgsaa B. Insufficient effect of local analgesics in Ehlers Danlos type III patients (connective tissue disorder). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990;34 : 358–61.
22. Germain DP. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007; 2 : 32.
23. Pepin M, Schwarze U, Superti-Furga A, Byers PH. Clinical and Genetic Features of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Type IV, the Vascular Type. N Engl J Med 2000; 342 : 673–80.
24. Byers PH, Belmont J, Black J, De Backer J, Frank M, Jeunemaitre X,et al. Diagnosis, natural history, and management in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet2017; 175 : 40–7.
25. Soma-Pillay P, Nelson-Piercy C, Tolppanen H, Mebazaa A. Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016;27 : 89–94.
26. Campbell N, Rosaeg OP. Anesthetic management of a parturient with Ehlers Danlos syndrome type IV. Can J Anesth 2002; 49 : 493–6.
27. Murray ML, Pepin M, Peterson S, Byers PH. Pregnancy-related deaths and complications in women with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.Genet Med 2014; 16 : 874–80.
28. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Borghi C, Cifkova R, Ferreira R, Foidart JM, et al. ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 2011;32 : 3147–97.
29. Wiesmann T, Castori M, Malfait F, Wulf H. Recommendations for anesthesia and perioperative management in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(s). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9 : 109.
30. Busch A, Hoffjan S, Bergmann F, Hartung B, Jung H, Hanel D, et al. Vascular type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is associated with platelet dysfunction and low vitamin D serum concentration. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11 : 111.
31. Ong KT, Perdu J, De Backer J, Bozec E, Collignon P, Emmerich J,et al. Effect of celiprolol on prevention of cardiovascular events in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A prospective randomised, open, blinded-endpoints trial. Lancet 2010; 376 : 1476–84.
32. Frank M, Adham S, Seigle S, Legrand A, Mirault T, Henneton P,et al. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Long-Term Observational Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 : 1948–57.
33. Pepin MG, Schwarze U, Rice KM, Liu M, Leistritz D, Byers PH. Survival is affected by mutation type and molecular mechanism in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS type IV). Genet Med 2014;16 : 881–8.
34. Walsh CA, Foley ME. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Pregnancy. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008; 24 : 79–79.
35. Cereda AF, Canova PA, Soriano FS. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection After Pregnancy as First Manifestation of a Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome . J Invasive Cardiol 2017; 29 : 67–8.
36. Papadopoulos G, Maier O, Bönner F, Veulemans V. Vascular type of ehlers-danlos syndrome: A case report of an aortic dissection during pregnancy. Am J Case Rep 2019; 20 : 233–7.
37. Combeer EL, Combeer AD. A rare cause of maternal death. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25 : 765–7.
38. Dubruc E, Dupuis-Girod S, Khau Van Kien P, Denis-Belicard E, Chirossel C, Fokstuen S, et al. Grossesse et syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos vasculaire : Prise en charge et complications. J Gynecol Obstet Biol la Reprod 2013; 42 : 159–65.
39. Eagleton MJ. Arterial complications of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2016; 64 : 1869–80.
40. Lane D. Anaesthetic implications of vascular type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Anaesth Intensive Care 2006; 34 : 501–5.
41. Brighouse D, Guard B. Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with ehlers-danlos syndrome type IV. Br J Anaesth 1992;69 : 517–9.
42. Orphanet UK. Type IV Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome ., 2013.
43. Halko GJ, Cobb R, Abeles M. Patients with type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may be predisposed to atlantoaxial subluxation. J Rheumatol 1995; 22 : 2152–5.