Study Population
The prostate specimens of the study were obtained from the records of
our university hospital. A total of 197 prostatic pre-operative biopsies
and radical prostatectomy specimens from patients treated between 2009
and 2018 were studied. Of 197 samples, 87 belonged to localized prostate
cancer, 46 to metastatic prostate cancer, and the remaining 64 specimens
were from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. All radical
prostatectomy, TURP (Transurethral resection of the prostate) samples,
and biopsies were initially evaluated by an expert pathologist and then
radical prostatectomy, and biopsies specimens were graded according to
the current international society of urological pathology (ISUP) grading
system (Epstein et al. 2016). The Last update ISUP grade group has been
considered the Gleason score: Grade Group 1= Gleason score ≤6, Grade
Group 2= Gleason score 3+4=7, Grade Group 3= Gleason score 4+3=7, Grade
Group 4= Gleason score 8, Grade Group 5= Gleason score ≥9, as well as
modified morphological criteria for Gleason pattern
424.
Detailed questionnaires were administered at baseline consisting of age,
smoking, family history of prostate cancer, history of hypertension, and
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fasting height and weight were measured, and
Body mass index (BMI) was calculated in all patients. Fasting Plasma
Glucose (FPG mg/dL), HbA1C (%, mmol/L), Total cholesterol (mg/dL),
Low-Density Cholesterol (LDL, mg/dL), Triglycerides (mg/dL),
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) of all patients were recorded.
Imaging Techniques including Bone scan, Magnetic Resonance, and
Computerized Tomography were performed in patients diagnosed with
prostate cancer histopathologically after biopsy, according to D’amico
risk classification and EAU (European Association of Urology) guidelines
recommendations.