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\begin{document}

\title{On the Design and Implementation of Efficient Antennas for HF RFID
Readers}



\author[1]{Ernest Ofosu Addo}%
\author[2]{Benjamin Kommey}%
\author[3]{Andrew Selasi Agbemenu}%
\author[3]{Hermann Kumbong}%
\affil[1]{University of Siena}%
\affil[2]{Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Arts and Social Science}%
\affil[3]{Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 07, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This paper describes an in-depth methodical approach to the development
of efficient high frequency (HF) antennas for usage in radio frequency
identification (RFID) systems operating at 13.56MHz. It presents brief
theory relevant to RFID communication and sets up a framework within
which features and requirements of antennas are linked to key design
parameters such as antenna form-factor and size; RF power level,
materials and communication protocol. Tuning circuits necessary to
adjust the resonance and power matching characteristics of antennas for
good transponder interrogation and response recovery are discussed. To
validate the approaches outlined, a complete step-wise antenna design
and measurement described. Common practical problems that are often
encountered in such design processes are also commented on.%
\end{abstract}%



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