Hot Khat N = 22 Cold Khat N = 98 P-value
Age, mean (SD) [minimum-maximum] 24.71 (5.72) [18-45] 23.2 (4.54) [18-46] 0.182
Gender
Males 15 (68.2) 77 (78.6) 0.402
Females 7 (31.8) 21 (21.4)
Smoker 21 (95.5) 94 (95.9)
Region
Sanaa and west 22 (100) 0 (0.00) P < 0.001
North to Sanaa 0 (0.00) 98 (100)
Duration of using Khat
Years 7.3 (2.4) 6.9 (1.7) 0.647
Times per day
Twice 2 (9.1) 9 (9.2) 1.000
More than twice per day 20 (90.9) 85 (86.7)
Main reason for referral to clinic
Aspiration 1 (4.5) 21 (21.4) < 0.001
Dysphagia 1 (4.5) 1 (1.0)
Nasal obstruction 8 (36.4) 1 (1.0)
Oral and nasal obstruction (difficult breathing) 7 (31.8) 19 (19.4)
Phonasthenic symptoms 5 (22.7) 56 (57.1)
Signs of chewing
Oral sores or sore throat 20 (90.9) 13 (13.3) P < 0.001