Haemodynamic changes and rabbit survival
The rabbits developed postoperative severe anaemia (Hb concentration <6 g/dL) that progressed to severe PPH in the first 30 min. There were no significant differences in total haemorrhage volume, time to severe PPH, and total bleeding time among the three groups (Table S2). Although the HES group showed progressively decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) of less than 40 mmHg at the resuscitative phase, the HbV and RBC/PPP groups maintained MAP above 50 mmHg during this period (Figure 2A). The shock index was also gradually increased until two times higher than that at baseline in the HES group, whereas it was only increased to within 1.5 times higher than that at baseline in the RBC/PPP and HbV groups (Figure 2B). Within 6 hours, all rabbits in the HES group died, whereas all of the rabbits in the RBC/PPP group survived, and 8 of the 10 rabbits in the HbV group survived. Regarding overall survival, the prognosis of HbV group was significantly better than that of HES group (p <0.01), whereas it was significantly worse than that of RBC/PPP group (p =0.01) (Figure 3).