GGC induces apoptotic cell death in NSCLC.
To analyze the apoptotic effect of GGC, we performed various assays to
measure programmed cell death. As shown Fig. 3A, GGC caused subG1 phase
arrest in A549 and H1299 cells. Early apoptosis was promoted and peak
was shift to right side with apoptosis. In addition, as shown in Fig.
3B, GGC promoted apoptosis through modulating caspase-3 and PARP
cleavage. Next, we noted that cell proliferation was significantly
reduced upon GGC exposure in both A549 and H1299 cells (Fig. 3C).
Moreover, GGC also attenuated the expression of various oncogenic
molecules at protein and mRNA levels (Fig. 4A and C). Moreover, IL-6
promoted articulation of oncogenic markers was also affected upon GGC
exposure (Fig. 4B and D).