Clinical characteristics |
Clinical characteristics |
|
|
|
N (%) |
13787 |
1279 |
12508 |
|
Age (years) |
33.9±18.7 |
48.0±19.5 |
32.5±18.0 |
<0.001 |
<20 |
3902 (28.3) |
96 (7.5) |
3806 (30.5) |
<0.001 |
20-29 |
3227 (23.4) |
188 (14.7) |
3039 (24.3) |
|
30-39 |
1951 (14.2) |
182 (14.2) |
1769 (14.2) |
|
≥40 |
4693 (34.1) |
812 (63.5) |
3881 (31.1) |
|
Male |
4807 (35.0) |
719 (56.2) |
4088 (32.8) |
<0.001 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
Caucasian |
7721 (56.0) |
796 (62.2) |
6925 (55.4) |
<0.001 |
African American |
1386 (10.1) |
156 (12.2) |
1230 (9.8) |
|
Hispanic |
1309 (9.5) |
65 (5.1) |
1244 (9.9) |
|
Asian or Pacific Islander |
199 (1.4) |
20 (1.6) |
179 (1.4) |
|
Other |
3172 (23.0) |
242 (18.9) |
2930 (23.4) |
|
Year of hospitalization |
|
|
|
|
2003-2006 |
5010 (36.3) |
208 (16.3) |
4802 (38.4) |
<0.001 |
2007-2010 |
4425 (32.1) |
448 (35.0) |
3977 (31.8) |
|
2011-2014 |
4352 (31.6) |
623 (48.7) |
3729 (29.8) |
|
Alcohol consumption |
2216 (16.1) |
218 (17.0) |
1998 (16.0) |
0.32 |
Obesity |
520 (3.8) |
62 (4.8) |
458 (3.7) |
0.03 |
dialysis |
885 (6.4) |
213 (16.7) |
672 (5.4) |
<0.001 |
Diabetes Mellitus |
794 (5.8) |
155 (12.1) |
639 (5.1) |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
2123 (15.4) |
421 (32.9) |
1702 (13.6) |
<0.001 |
Dyslipidemia |
747 (5.4) |
153 (12.0) |
594 (4.7) |
<0.001 |
Coronary artery disease |
505 (3.7) |
127 (9.9) |
378 (3.0) |
<0.001 |
Congestive heart failure |
234 (1.7) |
72 (5.6) |
162 (1.3) |
<0.001 |
Atrial flutter/fibrillation |
169 (1.2) |
46 (3.6) |
123 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease |
200 (1.5) |
127 (9.9) |
73 (0.6) |
<0.001 |
Liver cirrhosis |
116 (0.8) |
26 (2.0) |
90 (0.7) |
<0.001 |
Sepsis |
126 (0.9) |
60 (4.7) |
66 (0.5) |
<0.001 |
Volume depletion |
738 (5.4) |
201 (15.7) |
537 (4.3) |
<0.001 |
Seizure |
563 (4.1) |
67 (5.2) |
496 (4.0) |
0.03 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding |
362 (2.6) |
55 (4.3) |
307 (2.5) |
<0.001 |
Ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest |
94 (0.7) |
26 (2.0) |
68 (0.5) |
<0.001 |
Treatments |
Treatments |
|
|
|
Gastric lavage |
344 (2.5) |
25 (2.0) |
319 (2.6) |
0.19 |
Non-invasive ventilation |
64 (0.5) |
27 (2.1) |
37 (0.3) |
<0.001 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation |
759 (5.5) |
253 (19.8) |
506 (4.0) |
<0.001 |
Blood component transfusion |
354 (2.6) |
116 (9.1) |
238 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
Renal replacement therapy |
796 (5.8) |
346 (27.1) |
450 (3.6) |
<0.001 |
Complication and outcomes |
Complication and outcomes |
|
|
|
Respiratory failure |
941 (6.8) |
308 (24.1) |
633 (5.1) |
<0.001 |
Circulatory failure |
480 (3.5) |
157 (12.3) |
323 (2.6) |
<0.001 |
Liver failure |
109 (0.8) |
51 (4.0) |
58 (0.5) |
<0.001 |
Neurological failure |
687 (5.0) |
153 (12.0) |
534 (4.3) |
<0.001 |
Hematological failure |
302 (2.2) |
110 (8.6) |
192 (1.5) |
<0.001 |
In-hospital mortality |
132 (1.0) |
55 (4.3) |
77 (0.6) |
<0.001 |
Resource utilization |
Resource utilization |
|
|
|
Length of hospital stay (days) |
2.6±3.3 |
5.2±6.3 |
2.3±2.7 |
<0.001 |
Hospitalization cost ($) |
18089.6±29478.8 |
42696.7±68065.2 |
15579.8±20430.0 |
<0.001 |