Team Climate Inventory
We used the Team Climate Inventory (TCI) to measure team climate in the
included surgical teams. The TCI is developed by Anderson and West and
is a widely used validated survey.20-23 A 5-point
Likert scale was used, ranging from 1 (‘disagree strongly’) to 5 (‘agree
strongly’). The TCI measures team climate based on four climate
dimensions essential for successfully implementing innovations such as
perioperative briefing and debriefing: 1) participative safety, 2)
support for innovation, 3) vision, and 4) task orientation.
Participative safety acknowledges that trust is essential for members’
involvement, which is especially important for the successful
performance of perioperative briefing and debriefing. Detailed
information on the TCI is described elsewhere.20 24 25The TCI was conducted in 2014 (4 months after the implementation of
perioperative briefing and debriefing), 2016 (2.5 years after
implementation) and in 2019 (5 years after implementation).