Most instances of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are caused by immunological stimulation and are discovered after vaccinations for tetanus toxoid, oral polio, and swine influenza. This systematic study investigated GBS cases reported after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination.

In the recent past, due to the pandemic and humanitarian crisis, the healthcare system has dived into turmoil, especially regarding core facilities for women and maternal health. Afghanistan has the highest maternal mortality rate globally according to the WHO, with a startling 638 deaths per 100,000 live births. In such a decrepit system, regime changes resulted in major donors withdrawing from the national primary care service program leading to serious consequences for Afghani women such as women being compelled to deliver babies at home instead of hospitals increasing the risk of infections and maternal mortality. Major challenges faced by the Afghan healthcare system include the cessation of international funding due to the humanitarian crisis, the shortage of medicines, and the failure to deliver salaries to healthcare workers. According to the UNFPA, due to these challenges, more than 90% of healthcare facilities are at risk of closure, leading to an estimated 4.8 million unattended pregnancies and 51,000 maternal deaths between 2021 and 2025. To ensure such a catastrophe does not arise, the World Bank, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), and UNFPA in collaboration with governments around the world have pledged aid, both monetary and in terms of equipment & resources to Afghanistan. In addition, local Afghan organizations such as the AHDS and JACK must also be supported to further their work in providing healthcare services.

Abstract Introduction: Despite a larger frequency of OPD patients requiring treatment, why is it not done in OPD should be addressed. Because there is no suction equipment in the ENT OPD, these patients who require suctioning are referred to ENT Emergency Room. This is a source of undue inconvenience for patients. This not only poses a risk to patient safety, but it also has major financial consequences, as well as a negative impact on patient satisfaction, which is a key indicator of treatment quality. Methods: This is a closed-loop audit cycle beginning with recognition of the problem and assessing the magnitude of the problem. Based on the burden of referrals to the MOT, the auditors proposed the changes in practice under hospital OPD guidelines enacted by Pakistan Otolaryngology Association. Results: A significant percentage of 52.5 is requiring ear suction in the first audit cycle. The percentage of patients that had to be referred to ENT OT decreased from 52.5% in the previous audit to a significantly low value of 9.5% in this audit. This clinic’s role is to decrease the burden of referrals, reduce patients’ misery of going to the ER for suctioning, and improve patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Our study discerns the fact that the implementation of some simple protocols will lead to an immense change. The resultant reduction in clinical activity will lead to a reduction in the workload of the doctors too.

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern caused by a novel coronavirus, i.e., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since it is a new virus, an effective remedy against the virus is yet unknown. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of order nidovirales, family coronaviridae. Previously known treatment strategies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes are being tested for their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, various clinical and observational studies aimed at identifying potential therapies against the disease. In our study, we reviewed various drugs along with their mechanism of action including anti-virals, anti-bacterials, glucocorticoids, ACE inhibitors, anti retrovirals, anti-malarials, monoclonal antibodies, plasma and many more. Individual drugs are described and evaluated for their potential to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study offers a brief review of the findings of trials conducted so far. Dexamethasone, convalescent plasma therapy, tocilizumab, remdesivir and combination therapies are found to be beneficial against SARS-CoV-2.