3.2 | Case Study: PI3K
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signal pathway contributed to
several cellular processes, such as metabolism, proliferation,
differentiation, and activation. The PI3k/AKT/mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway is one of the most vital intracellular
pathways. However, it is also the most frequently dysregulated pathway
correlated to almost all human cancer
(Asati, Mahapatra, & Bharti, 2016;
Benetatos, Voulgaris, & Vartholomatos,
2017; Dong et al., 2014;
Hemmings & Restuccia, 2012). Amino acid
mutation of PI3K is closely related to oncogenic transformation, and
numerous SAVs have been recorded as cancer-related, such as P57S, Q75K,
K111E, P134L, S361F, N380H, L634F, H677R, E713K, A723V, I776T, G890R,
and L977I (Beadling et al., 2011;
Hou et al., 2007;
S. Jones et al., 2010;
Kinross et al., 2012;
Kuo et al., 2009;
Pita, Figueiredo, Moura, Leite, & Cavaco,
2014). Figure 2 is illustrated the protein structure of PI3K and
p85\(\alpha\) complex (PDB ID: 5DXU)
(Heffron et al., 2016), fourteen amino
acids including a neutral and thirteen cancer-related SAVs are drawn as
spheres. These cancer-related SAVs are all correctly predicted by our
prediction system. It should be noted that another SAV, R104C, has been
marked as neutral SAV and is also predicted correctly. The predicted
results of PI3K are listed in Table 4.