3.2 | Case Study: PI3K
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signal pathway contributed to several cellular processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and activation. The PI3k/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway is one of the most vital intracellular pathways. However, it is also the most frequently dysregulated pathway correlated to almost all human cancer (Asati, Mahapatra, & Bharti, 2016; Benetatos, Voulgaris, & Vartholomatos, 2017; Dong et al., 2014; Hemmings & Restuccia, 2012). Amino acid mutation of PI3K is closely related to oncogenic transformation, and numerous SAVs have been recorded as cancer-related, such as P57S, Q75K, K111E, P134L, S361F, N380H, L634F, H677R, E713K, A723V, I776T, G890R, and L977I (Beadling et al., 2011; Hou et al., 2007; S. Jones et al., 2010; Kinross et al., 2012; Kuo et al., 2009; Pita, Figueiredo, Moura, Leite, & Cavaco, 2014). Figure 2 is illustrated the protein structure of PI3K and p85\(\alpha\) complex (PDB ID: 5DXU) (Heffron et al., 2016), fourteen amino acids including a neutral and thirteen cancer-related SAVs are drawn as spheres. These cancer-related SAVs are all correctly predicted by our prediction system. It should be noted that another SAV, R104C, has been marked as neutral SAV and is also predicted correctly. The predicted results of PI3K are listed in Table 4.