In order to measure recovery of maximum PSII quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and operating PSII quantum efficiency (ΦPSII) over a simulated winter recovery period, chlorophyll fluorescence was carried out according to a modified version of the protocol used in Clark (2020) at three time points over 192 hours. Ten to fifteen shoots of each specimen were sampled by selecting shoots randomly from each cushion. Shoots were hydrated and quickly assembled into Hansatech FMS/LC dark-acclimation leaf clips (Hansatech Instruments, Norfolk, UK) that were modified with a deeper cavity to allow tall moss shoots to stand upright on a small, circular piece of filter paper created with a hole-punch, as described in (Clark, 2020). This system allows the entire moss “bouquet” to be easily removed by grabbing the filter paper with forceps, so that the same shoots could be measured in the same orientation across recovery time points.