Replicates of resulting pigment quantities were normalized to total pigment content and tocopherols were normalized to total chlorophyll content in moles. All 186 replicates were screened for outliers using Cook’s distance threshold of eight (Cook, 1977; Kim and Storer, 1996) which eliminated fifteen replicates from downstream analyses. Variation in pigment and antioxidant relative abundances in all field and laboratory replicates was reduced to two dimensions using principal components analysis. Pigment and tocopherol data were then tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test (Shapiro and Wilk, 1965) prior to subsequent tests. The field-site reference and lab-cultured plants were compared using the mean of HPLC biological replicates in a Mann Whitney U test (Mann and Whitney, 1947) and field treatments were compared to each other using the mean of HPLC biological replicates in paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (Wilcoxon, 1945) with BH adjustments. The pool size of violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin (VAZ) was compared across field triplicates with paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and multiple comparison adjustments as before.