The three field treatment groups (UV-filtered, UV-transmitted, and site reference) and the laboratory cultures separated along PCA axis PC1, which explained 43.6% of the variation (Fig. 5). The field treatments were largely overlapping with each other, and the laboratory cultures were relatively distant. Field-collected site reference plants had less chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin than lab cultured plants (Table 4). The field-collected plants also had more zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene than lab cultured plants (Table 4). There was no significant difference in antheraxanthin abundance between site reference and lab-cultured plants.