Antimicrobial susceptibility
All the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were tested against 13 commonly used antibiotics Figure 1. MIC testing (μg/mL) for all ESBL-producing E. coli was against all used antibiotics. Of the 325 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, the highest proportions of resistance were found against CFX (98.15%) followed by CTX (96%), CEF (94.76%), AMP (93.84%), TET (92.61%), SXT (86.76%), CHL (76.30%), COL (71.07%), POL (69.84%), KEN (69.84%), GEN (66.15%), and CIP (49.53%). All these isolates were found susceptible to MEM. MDR was observed in more than 85% of isolates (resistance to three or more than three classes of antibiotics) by MIC.