Figure captions
Fig.1. Male and female developmental lineages from specimens growing in the Tatra Mts., mountain population: (a) pollen mother cells and tapetum surrounded anther locules; (b) anther locules filled with normal pollen grains, 3-celled pollen inserted; (c) megaspore mother cell; (d) telophase II in diad; (e) 1-nucleate embryo sac at chalazal pole, 3 degenerating megaspores (arrow) at micropylar pole; (f) mature embryo sac with egg cell, one visible synergid at micropylar pole and central cell with secondary nucleus; (g) embryo with cotyledons, hypocotyl, radicle, surrounded by cellular endosperm; (h) chalazal and subchalazal megaspores of the tetrad enlarged, developing in two embryo sacs, two degenerating megaspores at micropylar pole (arrow); (i) two embryo sacs in one ovule: mature ESI, visible secondary nucleus of central cell, mature ESII, egg cell, one synergid and outline of secondary nucleus (arrow) visible. pmc – pollen mother cell; t – tapetum; pg – pollen grains; e- epidermis of nucellus; mc – megaspore mother cell; ii – inner integument; oi – outher integument D – diad; ES – embryo sac; ec – egg cell; s – synergid; sn – secondary nucleus; c – cotyledon; h – hypocotyl; r – radicle; ce – cellular endosperm. Bars: 20 µm in (a,f,h,i); 10 µm in (c,d,e); 100 µm in (b); 200 µm in (g).
Fig. 2. Male and female developmental lineages, degenerations, metal detection in plants from Bolesław, calamine population: (a) anther locules at tetrad stage, visible degenerated tetrads (arrows) and tapetum surrounding locules; (b) normal and degenerated microspores (arrows); (c) degenerated tapetal cells and microspores (arrow); (d) mature pollen grains, degenerating (empty) pollen (arrows); (e, f) shortened embryo sacs, viable (e) and degenerated (f); (g) unfertilized, aging embryo sac, visible egg cell and secondary nucleus of the central cell visible; (h) degenerated cells of the stigma (arrows); (i,k) empty silicula with degenerated ovules/seeds (arrows); (j) normal silicula with two seeds; (i) one-seed silicula; (m, n) flowers (m) and one-seed silicula (n) after dithizone staining. Red color indicates the presence of metals. T – tetrad of microspores; t – tapetum; m – microspores; pg – pollen grains; ES – embryo sac; ec – egg cell; sn – secondary nucleus; Bars: 10 µm in (a); 100 µm in (d,h); 20 µm in (b,c,e-g); 200 µm in (i); 2 mm in (j-n).
Fig. 3. Immunohistochemical localization of pectic epitopes recognized by LM19 and LM20 antibodies in cell walls of mature embryos from seeds of plants from the Tatra Mts., mountain population and Bolesław, calamine population. Arrows indicate localization of epitopes: (a-c) pectic epitope recognized by LM19 antibody, indicating un-low-esterified HG, distributed uniformly in all cell walls of cotyledons of mountain population embryo (a) and calamine population (b), in hypocotyl of calamine population embryo (c); (d-f) pectic epitope recognized by LM 20 antibody, indicating high-esterified HG, not detected in any cell walls of mountain population embryo (d), and distributed in spots in cell walls of cotyledons (e) and hypocotyls (f) of calamine population embryo. Bars: 50 µm in (a-f).