Figure captions
Fig.1. Male and female developmental lineages from specimens growing in
the Tatra Mts., mountain population: (a) pollen mother cells and tapetum
surrounded anther locules; (b) anther locules filled with normal pollen
grains, 3-celled pollen inserted; (c) megaspore mother cell; (d)
telophase II in diad; (e) 1-nucleate embryo sac at chalazal pole, 3
degenerating megaspores (arrow) at micropylar pole; (f) mature embryo
sac with egg cell, one visible synergid at micropylar pole and central
cell with secondary nucleus; (g) embryo with cotyledons, hypocotyl,
radicle, surrounded by cellular endosperm; (h) chalazal and subchalazal
megaspores of the tetrad enlarged, developing in two embryo sacs, two
degenerating megaspores at micropylar pole (arrow); (i) two embryo sacs
in one ovule: mature ESI, visible secondary nucleus of central cell,
mature ESII, egg cell, one synergid and outline of secondary nucleus
(arrow) visible. pmc – pollen mother cell; t – tapetum; pg – pollen
grains; e- epidermis of nucellus; mc – megaspore mother cell; ii –
inner integument; oi – outher integument D – diad; ES – embryo sac;
ec – egg cell; s – synergid; sn – secondary nucleus; c – cotyledon;
h – hypocotyl; r – radicle; ce – cellular endosperm. Bars: 20 µm in
(a,f,h,i); 10 µm in (c,d,e); 100 µm in (b); 200 µm in (g).
Fig. 2. Male and female developmental lineages, degenerations, metal
detection in plants from Bolesław, calamine population: (a) anther
locules at tetrad stage, visible degenerated tetrads (arrows) and
tapetum surrounding locules; (b) normal and degenerated microspores
(arrows); (c) degenerated tapetal cells and microspores (arrow); (d)
mature pollen grains, degenerating (empty) pollen (arrows); (e, f)
shortened embryo sacs, viable (e) and degenerated (f); (g) unfertilized,
aging embryo sac, visible egg cell and secondary nucleus of the central
cell visible; (h) degenerated cells of the stigma (arrows); (i,k) empty
silicula with degenerated ovules/seeds (arrows); (j) normal silicula
with two seeds; (i) one-seed silicula; (m, n) flowers (m) and one-seed
silicula (n) after dithizone staining. Red color indicates the presence
of metals. T – tetrad of microspores; t – tapetum; m – microspores;
pg – pollen grains; ES – embryo sac; ec – egg cell; sn – secondary
nucleus; Bars: 10 µm in (a); 100 µm in (d,h); 20 µm in (b,c,e-g); 200 µm
in (i); 2 mm in (j-n).
Fig. 3. Immunohistochemical localization of pectic epitopes recognized
by LM19 and LM20 antibodies in cell walls of mature embryos from seeds
of plants from the Tatra Mts., mountain population and Bolesław,
calamine population. Arrows indicate localization of epitopes: (a-c)
pectic epitope recognized by LM19 antibody, indicating un-low-esterified
HG, distributed uniformly in all cell walls of cotyledons of mountain
population embryo (a) and calamine population (b), in hypocotyl of
calamine population embryo (c); (d-f) pectic epitope recognized by LM 20
antibody, indicating high-esterified HG, not detected in any cell walls
of mountain population embryo (d), and distributed in spots in cell
walls of cotyledons (e) and hypocotyls (f) of calamine population
embryo. Bars: 50 µm in (a-f).