4. Results and Discussion
The enormous and efficient Finite element method is used to solve the
set of converted ordinary differential equations of physical problem.
The concentration, temperature and velocity distributions of Ag/SWCNT –
Water based hybrid Maxwell nanoliquid for dissimilar values of pertinent
parameters over a vertical cone under convective boundary conditions are
illustrated in graphs from Figs. 2 – 25. The thermophysical properties
of nanoparticles are shown in Table 1. Table 2 gives comparison between
present results and existing results with good agreement.
The sway of magnetic parameter (M) on Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid
Maxwell nanoliquids concentration, temperature and velocity
distributions are portrayed in Figs. 2 – 4. Velocity sketches of
Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid nanoliquid degenerates, whereas
temperature and concentration sketches optimizes with upgrading values
of (M). This is because of the presence of magnetic field produces
Lorentz force which resists the motion of fluid, it causes optimization
in the fluids both temperature and concentration sketches.
Figs. 5 – 8 describes the outlines of Ag/SWCNT – Water base hybrid
nanoliquid velocity for diverse values of \((\phi 1)\) and \((\phi 2)\).
With developing values of \((\phi 1)\) the velocity outlines elaborates
in entire fluid regime (Fig. 5). The Ag/SWCNT – Water base hybrid
nanoliquid velocity outlines abatement, nevertheless, the concentration
and temperature outlines enlarges with step up values of \((\phi 2)\).
Dissimilarity nature in velocity, temperature and concentration sketches
for diverse values of Buoyancy parameter \((Nr)\) is sketched in Figs. 9
– 11. The velocity sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid
nanoliquid deteriorates, however, the temperature and concentration
sketches hike with boosting values of \((Nr)\).
Figs. 12 – 14 are drawn to depict velocity, temperature and
concentration outlines of Ag/SWCNT – Water base hybrid Maxwell
nanoliquid for diverse values of Deborah number (\(\alpha\)). It is
perceived that the velocity portraits truncates with up surging values
of (\(\alpha\)), nevertheless, temperature and concentration portraits
escalates as values of \(\alpha\) rises.
The consequence of Biot number (Bi) on velocity and temperature
portraits of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell nanoliquid is cognized in
Figs. 15 and 16. It is can be found that velocity portraits slackens
with cumulating values of (Bi), however, the temperature portraits
maximizes with improving values of (Bi).
Fig. 17 characterized the sway of Radiation parameter (R) on temperature
portraits of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid. It is
examined that temperature outlines upturns with improving values of (R).
The influence of Prandtl number (Pr) on velocity and temperature
outlines of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell nanoliquids are summarized
in Figs. 18 and 19. It is concluded that velocity outlines maximizes
with rising values of (Pr), while, temperature outlines declines in
entire fluid regime with improving values of (Pr).
Variations in concentration sketches for dissimilar values of Schmidt
number (Sc) are depicted in Fig. 20 in Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell
hybrid nanoliquid. The concentration sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water based
Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid waning with enlarged values of Sc. It can be
seen that from the Fig. 21 that the concentration sketches degenerates
with upturn values of chemical reaction parameter (Cr). The impact of
Cattaneo Christov heat flux parameter \((\beta)\) on the scatterings of
concentration is cognized in Fig. 22 and investigated that deterioration
in concentration sketches as \((\beta)\) values rises.
Figs. 23 – 25 demonstrated that influence of suction parameter (V0) on
velocity, temperature and concentration sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water
based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid. It can be found that all the velocity,
temperature and concentration sketches of Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid
degenerates in entire fluid region with optimized values of (V0).
Table 3 reveals that values of\(\left(-f^{{}^{\prime\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\),\(\left({-\theta}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) and\(\left({-S}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) for dissimilar values of\(\ M,\phi_{1},\ \phi_{2},Nr,\alpha\) and \(\text{Bi}.\) Values of skin
– friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates impedes with
rising values of \((M)\). Values of non-dimensional rates of velocity
augmented, whereas, rates of heat and mass transfer diminishes as the
values of \({(\phi}_{1})\) rises. Orderly, similar trend is happened in
all skin – friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number
values with growing values of \(\phi_{2},Nr,\alpha\) and Bi.
The sway of \(R,Pr,Sc,Cr,\beta\ \)and\(\ V0\) on Skin – friction
coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number of Ag/SWCNT – Water
based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid is summarized in Table 4. It can be
found that from Table 4 values of Skin – friction coefficient and
Sherwood number escalates with improving values of R, whereas, values of
Nusselt number waning as R values improves. The reverse trend is
happened in values of \(\left(-f^{{}^{\prime\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\),\(\left({-\theta}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) and\(\left({-S}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) with step up values of Pr.
As the values of Sc & Cr improves the values of\(\left(-f^{{}^{\prime\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\),\(\left({-\theta}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) and\(\left({-S}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) elaborates. Finally, Rate
of non-dimensional heat and mass transfer enlarges, nevertheless, the
skin – friction coefficient values diminish with developing values of
V0.