References:
  1. Reynolds HR, Hochman JS. Cardiogenic shock. Circulation 2008; 117:686–697.
  2. Hartupee J, Mann D. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol 14, 30–38 (2017).
  3. Carluccio E, Biagioli P, Alumni G, et al. Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11:e006894.
  4. Sallach JA, Tang WH, Borowski AG, et al. Right atrial volume index in chronic systolic heart failure and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 2:527-534.
  5. Darahim K. Usefulness of right atrial volume index in predicting outcome in chronic systolic heart failure. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2014;26(2):73–79.
  6. Mysore, MM, Bilchick, KC, Ababio, P, et al. Right atrial to left atrial volume index ratio is associated with increased mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography. 2018; 35: 1729– 1735.
  7. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi, V, et al: Recommendation for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr 2015; 28(1):1-39.
  8. Deano RC, Glassner-Kolmin C, Rubenfire M, et al: Referral of patients with pulmonary hypertension diagnoses to tertiary pulmonary hypertension centers: The Multicenter rePHerral Study. JAMA Intern Med. 2013:173(10):887-893
  9. Rudiger A, Harjola VP, Muller A, et al. Acute heart failure: Clinical presentation, one-year mortality and prognostic factors. The European Journal of Heart Failure 2005; 7:662-670.
  10. Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure Heart: 2007; 93:1137-1146.
  11. Jones TL, Nakamura K, McCabe JM. Cardiogenic shock: evolving definitions and future directions in management. Open Heart 2019;6:e000960.
  12. Ghio S, Guazzi M, Scardovi AB, et al. Different correlates but similar prognostic implications for right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017; 19:873–879.
  13. Mohammed SF, Hussain I, AbouEzzeddine O, et al. Right ventricular function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. Circulation. 2014; 130:2310–2320
  14. Iglesias-Garriz I, Olalla-Gómez C, Garrote C, et al. Contribution of right ventricular dysfunction to heart failure mortality: a meta-analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2012; 13 :e62
  15. Frea S, Pidello S, Bovolo V, et al. Prognostic incremental role of right ventricular function in acute decompensation of advanced chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016; 18:564–572.
  16. Polak JF, Holman BL, Wynne J,Colucci WS. Right ventricular ejection fraction: an indicator of increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure associated with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol1983;2:217–24.
  17. Cioffi G, de Simone G, Mureddu G, Tarantini L. Right atrial size and function in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with disorders of respiratory system or hypoxemia. Eur J Echocardiography 2007:8:322-331.
  18. Lewis JF, Webber JD, Sutton LL, Chesoni S, Curry CL. Discordance in degree of right and left ventricular dilation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: recognition and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:649–654.
  19. Marsan NA, Tops LF, Holman ER, et al. Comparison of left atrial volumes and function by real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography in patients having cathete ablation for atrial fibrillation with persistence of sinus rhythm versus recurrent atrial fibrillation three months later. Am J Cardiol. 2008; 102: 847– 853.
  20. Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W, et al. EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three‐dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 13( 1): 1– 46.