Peripheral muscle strength
For upper and lower limb muscle strength, handgrip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer (Jamar hydraulic, Lafayette, IN, USA), and quadriceps strength were measured using a load cell (EMG System, SP, Brazil). In both assessments, the dominant limbs were used, and all adolescents were asked to sustain maximum force for 5 seconds with maximal verbal encouragement during the test. A minimum of three and a maximum of five trials were performed for each test. The interval between measurements was approximately 1 min, and the best value from three acceptable trials presenting a variation <10% were considered. The isometric force is expressed in kilogram-force (kgf) and the percentage of the predicted values. The predicted values were obtained from a Brazil population and stratified by sex, age, and weight (15).